Heart Failure Case Study

Heart Failure Case Study Sharon Heather Ferguson-Guy When it comes to Heart Failure the best form for a brighter future is to optimise the intervention with treatment goals that are vital for the patients’ health, well-being and gain a better chance of longevity. The benefits of obtaining a compatible medication treatment goal for the patient, is so to reduce the stress and anxiety for the patient, which in turn can minimise hospital admissions. Anyone that has other cardiovascular risks such as diabetes, smoking, excessive alcohol (with young adults; with excessive alcohol consumption, they may be susceptible to ‘holiday heart syndrome’ which it is also known as) (Sanders, et al. 2012, p.628) and elevated blood cholesterol levels. The following case study was given freely from a neighbour on his present health. I have changed his name to protect his confidentiality. Case study: Mr Lloyd is a 73 years old widower and has heart failure in the form of Atrial Fibrillation. He started to become breathless after riding his bike; that he did daily. He said that he also noticed excitable flutters in his chest, but did not take much notice as he thought it was because he had over exerted on an activity at his time of life and put it down to the aging process. He popped to his local General Practitioner with his experiences and was put on a low dose of Warfarin. After a couple of weeks he returned and told his General Practitioner that he was not feeling any better and did not feel right. His General Practitioner told him to continue his dosage for another week. Mr Lloyd enjoyed walking if he was not cycling, but, due to the weather he left the bike at home. While on his way he slipped on ice and banged his head on the pavement. He was taken to hospital for the rest of the day due to a possible concussion. At the point of leaving he complained he still had a headache. The doctor was not surprised as he had banged his head and prescribed pain relief and told him what to watch out for with head injuries (They were aware of his medication he was on at the time). After a week of pain relief he still did not feel right. His daughter took him to a different hospital. The doctor asked what medication he was on and told him that he was on still on the warfarin, they took him off it immediately, and replaced with a very low dose of aspirin. They immediately took him for a MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan that revealed that he had a haemorrhage on the brain; it had been there since the fall. History: There is not a family history of heart failure. Has not smoked for 50 years. Does not have any previous illnesses. Has never drank alcohol. Has worked away from home outdoors all of his working life until retirement. Admitted that his diet improved since his retirement, as with his previous job required him to be away from home quite a lot of the time and so his lifestyle then contained of hotels and bar meals. Has never been a big eater and portions were always small. Signs and symptoms: Feeling breathless on light activities, more so when cycling Feeling weak and more tired Dizzy after excursion Pale but not all the time. No sickness Heart beating too fast, rhythm was irregular No coughing Not confusion No weight gain as always active BP normal No depressive feelings or cognitive problems Tests done: Auscultated lungs for changes – non were found Blood test was taken Blood Pressure – high on his visit, but often fluctuated between normal and high Neck veins checked – no distension found ECG that read Atrial Fibrillation Electrocardiogram was performed for 24 hours No chest x-ray was performed Pitting oedema was slight at the end of the day Medication before fall: Warfarin – was later changed to Aspirin Salbutamol inhaler Furosemide (unable to remember dose) Cod liver oil 2 spoonful’s twice a day – home remedies (On further reading on drugs.com I was curious regarding his cod liver oil intake and the medication of warfarin he was taking that may interact due to it containing vitamin K, this reduces the effectiveness of the warfarin and flagged an air of caution) (drugs.com) Mr Lloyd still suffered tiredness and breathlessness. Medication after fall for 4 months: Aspirin Cod liver oil 2 capsules twice a day – home remedies Pravastatin 20mg – 1 daily (reduces the bad cholesterol) Salbutamol – when required Simvastatin 20mg – 1 daily (changed from pravastatin also reduces bad cholesterol) Spiro inhaler – when required (drugs.com) Mr Lloyd was told to weigh himself every morning as he got out of bed. This was so he could take part in his own progress on any weight gain or weight loss due to the change of medication and possible fluid retention. He noticed the frequency during the day and maybe once at night in going to urinate. With the changed medication Mr Lloyd still suffered tiredness and was breathlessness on light activities. After a review with a specialist his present medication treatment plan is: Apixaban 5mg – 1 x 2 daily (reduce the risk of stroke clots) Atorvastatin 10mg – 1 daily Cod liver oil 2 capsules daily home remedies (not spoonful’s anymore) Digoxin 125mcg – 1 daily (makes the heart beat stronger and a regular rhythm) Dutasteride 0.5mg – 1 daily (used with Tamsulosin, reduce risk of urinary blockage) Omerprazole 20mg – 1 daily (acid reflux) Spiro inhaler – when required Tamsulosin hydrochloride 400mcg m/r capsules 1 daily– muscle relaxant, ease flow of urine (drugs.com) This drug therapy is working well and clear from any adverse reactions and only visits the General Practitioner twice yearly. Blood pressure is stable at 110/75 bpm. His weight has not changed. Mr Lloyd still charts his input and output of fluids. With this, he is able to monitor and report to his now General Practitioner any noticeable differences, to which, there is not any. Current status: Even though Mr Lloyd had to endure some frustrating discomfort with tiredness and breathlessness from past medications, these just didn’t suit him, (It may have been a perfect combination for somebody else) and the time it had to take to get the correct treatment goals and drug therapy to his own body’s balance, Mr Lloyd is continuing his everyday activities without any problems of breathlessness or tiredness that have hugely decreased. He has decided with himself and with agreement from his General Practitioner that after about 17.00 he will start to slow down, and relaxes after food, and will potter in his garden instead of cycling. I have only ever known Mr Lloyd to cycle everywhere and all day. He tells me that he now enjoys seeing a television programme to the end instead of falling asleep half way through. His medication has slowed down his ventricular rate and that he will go for another review later on this year. Mr Lloyd said that he would not mind if the dose was lowered or none at all as he does not like to be reliant on medication. The specialist Doctor after reviewing Mr Lloyd advised him to attend a rehabilitation gym (sponsored by the British Heart Foundation) to monitor his exercise regime and to teach him how to keep fit in a healthy way for his age. They also educated him on a tasteful diet without the worry of blandness. He still goes to the gym, mainly because he has made many friends with similar conditions, and able to swap ideas. Mr Lloyd values the presence of the professional medical staff that are there for any health or heart concerns. Treating congestive heart failure with medication: To optimise the correct and suitable medication would be to find the patients correct balance. This will take a selection of medication over a period of time in order to reach the optimum goal of drug therapy. The reason for this is to make less strain on the heart by using the correct combination of drug and its correct dosage. We must try and increase the cardiac output so the blood can pump more blood every minute. This will in turn improve the pumping action of the heart and reduce the hearts workload. So medication or a medical intervention may be suggested, the severity or damage would be taken into consideration. If there is a valve problem, it may be fixed with a repair or a replacement. If a more invasive form of fixing is needed, surgical implants may be required. This may be a pacemaker. This is a ventricular assisted device that contains a pulse generator with one, two or three electrode leads that give off electrical impulses to and from the heart (British Heart Foundati on 2014, p.13)(Cleland 2006, pp.72-44). A more severe case may include a heart transplant which includes a recently deceased donor that is a match for the recipient. There are risks involved like any other surgery, but a heart transplant may be rejected due to rejection, infection or the new heart does not work properly. (Cleland 2006, pp.79-80) We need to take the effort off the workload on the heart by decreasing the fluid overload and reduce the blood pressure, so medication to reduce the heart rate and increase vasodilation (widen the blood vessels, by relaxing the smooth muscle cells). Diuretics would be one solution that would help with the fluid overload. This will increase the urine output and so in turn decreases the fluid overload. Different diuretics such as thiazide and loop diuretics that will cause a general loss of sodium and water from the body but also other electrolytes (minerals in the blood). This must be monitored for hypokalaemia (low potassium) because of sodium and water loss, potassium can be lost from the body in large quantities. (Cleland 2006, pp.54-63)(Class notes 2014/15) Another diuretic is a potassium sparing diuretic, it is an aldosterone antagonist (blocks the sodium retention effects of aldosterone in the kidney). This may cause a reverse problem, the potassium sparing diuretic can cause the body to retain too much potassium, so the patient must be monitored for hyperkalaemia (high potassium). An imbalance of hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia in the body will be a risk of the electrical problems in the heart. By using diuretics the patient will be monitored for hypotension (low blood pressure) this is due to the fluid retention and the reduction of blood pressure medication. You must also monitor serum creatinine (waste product in the blood that comes from muscle activity and kidney function indicator). If the levels of this get too high, it will be an indication that the kidneys are having problems. (Class notes 2014/15)(Cleland 2006, pp.59-63) Other medications that will be help congested heart failure is to now focus on the blood vessels, the aim is to stimulate the function of the vasodilation that will rest the heart by slowing it down. The most used medication is called an ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin-converting enzyme) (Cleland 2006, pp.53-56) this will block the enzyme that forms angiotensin II also known as ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers) (Cleland 2006, pp.56-57) this causes the vasoconstriction to raise the blood pressure. The ACE inhibitor will interrupt the cycle of angiotensin II, this will then decrease the blood pressure. The increase of vasodilation with the ACE inhibitors and vasodilation will lower the blood pressure and so helps to reduce the workload on the heart. There will be a drop in aldosterone (is a corticosteroid hormone that stimulates absorption of sodium by the kidneys) levels causing a decrease in fluid overload. A medication called ARBS (Angiotensin Receptor Blockers) reduce the activity of the angiotensin II in the blood. You would prescribe this if the patient is not able to tolerate an ACE inhibitor. (Class notes)(Cleland 2006, pp.56) Beta blockers block the binding of norepinephrine (neurotransmitter) to the beta receptors on the heart, this will cause a decrease in the heart rate. Which in turn will decrease the blood pressure and the workload of the heart. With such an amount of medication, it is advisable to monitor the patient for hypotension. (Class notes 2014/15)(Cleland 2006, pp.57-59) References: Bibliography British Heart Foundation (2014) Pacemakers. Chronic heart failure | introduction | Guidance and guidelines (no date) Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg108/chapter/introduction (Accessed: 13 May 2015) Cleland, J. (2006) Understanding heart failure. London: Family Doctor Publications in association with the British Medical Association Prescription Drug Information, Interactions Side Effects (no date) Available at: http://www.drugs.com (Accessed: 14 May 2015) Sanders, M. J., Lewis, L. M., Quick, G. and McKenna, K. D. (2012) Mosby’s Paramedic Textbook [With DVD]. 4th edn. United States: Elsevier/Mosby Jems Citation (Chronic heart failure | introduction | Guidance and guidelines, no date) (Prescription Drug Information, Interactions Side Effects, no date) (Sanders et al., 2012, p. 628) (British Heart Foundation, 2014, p. 13) (Cleland, 2006, p. 56) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 57 – 59) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 57 – 59) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 56 – 57) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 53 – 56) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 59 – 63) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 54 – 63) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 79 – 80) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 72 – 74) Case study given freely by my neighbour. Font used – Calibri light. Size 11. Size 9 for references My draft copy was kindly read and checked by: The Clinical Manager and three different Clinical Supervisors at Yorkshire Ambulance Service.

Multicultural Educational System Essay -- Multiculturalism Education C

Multicultural Educational System Historically, The United States has been a racially and ethnically a diverse nation. Since Americans represent a variety of cultures and have a variety of viewpoints, we share many cultural traditions, values, and political ideals that cement us together as a nation. Children can develop their ideas and their identity at early stages in schools. Education should stress the value of diversity and avoid portraying one culture or group as superior to others. A multicultural educational system would not only educate the students in a classroom, but also enrich the teacher and society. The definition of multiculturalism is education that focuses on providing equal opportunity for students who’s cultural or language patterns make it difficult for them to succeed in traditional programs. (Oxford) Some discuss multicultural education as a shift in curriculum, perhaps as simple as adding new and diverse materials and perspectives to be more inclusive of traditionally underrepresented groups. Others talk about classroom climate issues or teaching styles that serve certain groups while presenting barriers for others. Still others focus on institutional and systemic issues such as tracking, standardized testing, or funding discrepancies. Some go farther still, insisting on education change as part of a larger societal transformation in which we more closely explore and criticize the oppressive foundations of society and how education serves to maintain the foundations such as white supremacy, capitalism, global socioeconomic situations, and exploitation. The melting pot theory is the Americanization process brought about by teaching everybody English and American social ideals from European Ethnic Cu... ... 30, 2004 Levine, Daniel U. (1997) Foundations of Education, Education in Culturally Diverse Society. Pages 159-170, 535. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston Meacham, Jack (2003) Student Diversity in classes and Educational Outcomes: Student Perceptions, Pages 627 retrieved from Eric Journal September 30, 2004 Ryan, Francis. (1993) The Perils of Multiculturalism, Educational Horizons, spring, pgs 134-138 Sternberg, Robert J. (2002) Educational Psychology, Group Differences, The Big Picture. Pages 191-225 Allyn and Bacon, Boston. Shorter Oxford English dictionary (5th ed.). (2002). New York: Oxford University Press. Viadero, D. Increased choice found to have modest impact on school improvement. Edweek. Retrieved Nov 7,2004 from Edweek.com Watkins, William. (1994) Multicultural Education... Educational Theory, v. 44, no. 1, winter, esp. pp. 99-110

Corporate Responsibility and Society Essay

While commuting home from work, you take a detour through a residential area to avoid a congested main artery. Because only a few drivers take the detour, it removes several minutes from your commuting time due to the light traffic. Is your action generalizable? I do believe that my actions would be generalizable; therefore it would not pass the generalization test. According to Hooker, the meaning of generalization test is that the reason for your action should be consistent with the assumption that if everyone who has the same reason as you would act in the same manner (Business Ethics, 2011). The detour is not an area that is not allowed to be taken; it is there for anyone to take despite of the reason for taking it. Anyone that wanted to cut down their commute time in order to pick up a child from daycare, to get to school on time, to prepare dinner, or just because they no longer wanted to sit in traffic is irrelevant to the fact that they are able to take this route. In order to further put this generalization to the test we should see if it meets and passes all four Corollaries’. Corollary one states that an action is unethical if its general adoption would undermine a practice it presupposes. So everyone is free to take this detour through a residential neighborhood. Suppose everyone decided to take this detour, it would congest this neighborhood, children that normally ride their bikes on the side of the rode or play outdoors are more apt to being either hit by a car or injured by a vehicle in some way. This may pass the corollary test but it fails the generalization test. Corollary two states one shouldn’t be a free rider on the efforts of others. This corollary really doesn’t affect this example because every driver is free to make up his or her mind whether or not to take the detour. So this would pass corollary two. Corollary three states an action is unethical if generalizing the action is inconsistent with achieving its purpose. This actions is telling me that I take the detour when is best suites me, i.e. traffic is at its heaviest and I can achieve a shorter time commute by taking the detour. This action is then generalized when everyone who takes the regular congested route takes the detour when it best suites them. Thus my action of taking the detour is generalized, it would be impossible for those who take the detour when it best suites them to achieve the purpose of the action because the new detour would become congested and we are back to where we started. This action fails corollary three and the generalization test. Last but not least Corollary four states that an action is unethical if generalizing the action is inconsistent with the possibility that everyone who performs the action achieves its purpose. If this action is true then me taking the detour is ungeneralizable because it is impossible for everyone to enjoy the same avoidance of traffic congestion by taking the same detour. After completing all four Corollary test I have come to the conclusion that my action to avoid traffic by detouring through a residential area is ungeneralizable. Although my action may have passed a corollary test or two my action ultimately did not justify the action.

How Strong Is the Louisiana Superdome Roof

In August 2005, the Louisiana Superdome became a shelter of last resort as Hurricane Katrina set sights on New Orleans. Although 30 years old and built in a floodplain, the structure stood firm and saved the lives of thousands of people. How strong is  the Louisiana Superdome? Fast Facts: New Orleans' Superdome Construction: August 1971 to August 1975Land space: 52 acres (210,000 square meters)Area of roof: 9.7 acres (440,000 square feet)Height: 273 feet (82.3 meters)Dome diameter: 680 feet (210 meters)Main arena floor: 162,434 square feetMaximum seating: 73,208UBU  synthetic turf: 60,000 square feetCost (1971–1975): $134 million; Post-Katrina renovations and enhancements: $336 millionFun Fact: Host of more Super Bowls than any other stadium Building the Superdome The Superdome, also known as Mercedes-Benz Superdome, is a public/private New Orleans, Louisiana (NOLA), project designed by New Orleans native Nathaniel Buster Curtis (1917–1997) of Curtis Davis Architects. The contractors were Huber, Hunt Nichols. A domed structure is not a new idea—the concrete dome of the Pantheon in Rome has provided shelter for the gods since the second century. The 1975 Louisiana Superdome was not even the first large-domed sports arena to be built in the U.S.; the 1965 Houston Astrodome in Texas provided nearly a decades worth of experience for the NOLA architects. The design mistakes of the Astrodome would not be repeated. The new NOLA dome would not include skylight glare to impede the vision of the players below it. The Superdome would not even try to grow grass inside. Many sports stadia have playing fields below ground level, which allows the buildings height to be modest on the outside. A good example is the 2010 Meadowlands Stadium in New Jersey, whose exterior facade disguises the lower location of the field below ground level. This type of stadium design would not work in the flood-prone Mississippi River Delta. Because of a high water table, the 1975 Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans was built on a platform atop a three-story underground parking garage. Thousands of concrete pilings hold the steel frame exterior, with an additional tension ring to hold the weight of the enormous domed roof.  The diamond-shaped steel framework of the dome was placed onto the ring support all in one piece. Architect Nathaniel Curtis explained in 2002: This ring, capable of withstanding the massive thrusts of the dome structure, is made of 1-1/2-inch-thick steel and prefabricated in 24 sections that were welded together 469 feet in the air. Because the strength of the welds is critical to the strength of the tension ring, they were performed by a specially trained and qualified welder in the semicontrolled atmosphere of a tent house which was moved around the rim of the building from one weld to another. Each individual weld was x-rayed to ensure the perfection of the vital joints. On 12 June 1973, the entire roof, weighing 5,000 tons, was jacked down onto the tension ring in one of the most delicate and critical operations of the whole construction process. The Superdome Roof The Superdome roof is nearly 10 acres in area. It has been described as the worlds largest domed structure (measuring the interior floor area). Fixed dome construction fell from popularity in the 1990s, and several other domed stadiums have closed. The 1975 Superdome has survived its engineering.  The Superdomes roof system consists of 18-gauge sheet-steel panels laid down over the structural steel, writes architect Curtis. On top of this is polyurethane foam one inch thick, and finally, a sprayed-on layer of Hypalon plastic. Hypalon  was a state-of-the-art weatherproofing rubber material by Dupont. Cranes and helicopters helped place the steel panels in place, and it took another 162 days to spray on the Hypalon coating. The Louisiana Superdome was designed to resist wind gusts up to 200 miles per hour. However, in August 2005, Hurricane Katrinas 145 mph winds blew away two metal sections of the Superdome roof while more than 10,000 people sought shelter inside. Although many hurricane victims were frightened, the architecture remained structurally sound in part because of a 75-ton media center hanging from the roofs interior. This gondola of televisions is designed to act as a counterweight, and it kept the entire roof in place during the storm. The roof did not collapse or blow away. Post-Katrina Louisiana Superdome, August 30, 2005. Dave Einsel/Getty Images (cropped) Although people got wet and the roof needed repair, the Superdome remained structurally sound. Many victims of the hurricane were transported to Reliant Park in Houston, Texas, for temporary shelter in the Astrodome. The Superdome Reborn Prepping for Repair, Louisiana Superdome Roof, October 19, 2005. Chris Graythen/Getty Images (cropped) Soon after the hurricane survivors left the shelter of the Louisiana Superdome, the roof damage was assessed and repaired. Thousands of tons of debris were removed and several upgrades were made. Ten thousand pieces of metal decking were examined or installed, coated with inches of polyurethane foam  and then several layers of urethane coating. In 13 short months, the Louisiana Superdome reopened to remain one of the most advanced sports facilities in the nation. The Superdome roof has become an icon of the city of New Orleans, and, like any structure, is the source of continual care and maintenance. Repairing the Louisiana Superdome, May 9, 2006. Mario Tama/Getty Images (cropped) Sources Karen Kingsley, Curtis and Davis Architects, knowlouisiana.org Encyclopedia of Louisiana, edited by David Johnson, Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities, March 11, 2011, http://www.knowlouisiana.org/entry/curtis-and-davis-architects. [accessed March 15, 2018]Nathaniel Curtis,  FAIA,  My Life In Modern Architecture, The University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, 2002, pp. 40, 43, http://www.curtis.uno.edu/curtis/html/frameset.html [accessed May 1, 2016]National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (OMB No. 1024-0018) prepared by Phil Boggan, State Historic Preservation Officer, December 7, 2015, https://www.nps.gov/nr/feature/places/pdfs/15001004.pdfSuper Bowl Press Kit February  3, 2013, www.superdome.com/uploads/SUPERDOMEMEDIAKIT_12113_SB.pdf [accessed January 27, 2013]Mercedes-Benz Superdome Renovations, http://www.aecom.com/projects/mercedes-benz-superdome-renovations/ [accessed March 15, 2018]Kim Bistromowitz and Jon Henson, Superdome, Super Roof,Roofing C ontractor, February 9, 2015, https://www.roofingcontractor.com/articles/90791-superdome-super-roof-iconic-mercedes-benz-superdome-in-new-orleans-sports-its-brightest-look-yetAdditional photo credits: Meadowlands interior LI-Aerial/Getty Images; Meadowlands exterior Gabriel Argudo Jr, gargudojr on flickr.com, Creative Commons 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)

Car Test Example - 729 Words

I totally reject your very low level of offer ( £--) to settle my claim. Let me reiterate what a senior lawyer and a Fellow Rotarian informed me (I have already conveyed this information to Garry – your Engineer during our telephone conversations on Thursday 21 December 2017 and on Friday 22 December 2017). I also reiterated the lawyer’s advice to me in text messages that I sent to Gary on Thursday 21 December 2017: â€Å"The Industry Body – the Association of British Insurers say that my insurance company must offer me a sum of money that would enable me to buy a similar car in a similar condition in my local area† (A) My Car: 1. My car is Mercedes CLK 220 CDi 2dr Coupe Tip Automatic Avantgarde (June 2009) 2. It has all leather sport seats†¦show more content†¦This is in addition to the fact that the engine did not start. 2. Through autotrader.co.uk (a) Similar car to mine at â€Å"Sale Car Sales†, Sale, Cheshire – 9 miles away from me (b) It has only half leather seats (not all leather). Even if this compensates for the car’s lower mileage than my car, the price is  £7,290. 3. Through ebay.co.uk (a) 2009 (similar to mine) (b) The car has a high mileage (93,919) – much higher than mine, yet the price is  £6,295 and is not in my local area. It is located in Bishops Stortford, Essex (c) It is therefore not possible to determine the condition of the car’s body work, the condition of the tyres and what the MOT Test Certificate says by the way of advisory/recommendation (d) Two other cars on ebay.co.uk, and again not in my areas – they are priced at  £6,790 and  £6,995 4. Privately advertised in the local newspaper (Stockport Express) 2008 model (one year older than my car) and no leather seats – 2 cars at  £6,495 and  £6,735 (C) What my car is worth: Considering (A) and (B) above, my car is worth  £7,500. 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Antitrust Law And The Antitrust Laws - 2190 Words

ANTITRUST Antitrust law in the United States is a collection of federal and state government laws regulating the conduct and organization of business corporations with the intent to promote fair competition in an open-market economy for the benefit of the public. Congress passed the first antitrust statute, the Sherman Antitrust Act, in 1890 in response to the public outrage toward big business. In 1914, Congress passed two additional antitrust laws: the Federal Trade Commission Act and the Clayton Act. (The Antitrust Laws. Web.) Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act prohibits the efforts of multiple firms to restrain trade by controlling prices and supply in a market (46 Case W. Res. 1033). In terms of a professional sports league, a†¦show more content†¦J. 121). In 1961, Congress passed the Sports Broadcasting Act which allowed major professional sports to pool the broadcast rights of its member clubs to negotiate television broadcast agreements that normally would have violated federal antitrust laws. (21 Jeffery S. Moorad Sports Law Journal 577) This antitrust exemption enabled the NFL to protect its primary revenue source of live attendance by negotiating with the networks as to when and where games would be televised. Five years later, in 1966, Congress passed the Public Law 89-900 which had a major impact on how the NFL would be examined under federal law. The statue contained an antitrust provision that allowed for the merger of the National Football League (NFL) and American Football League (AFL) without the threat of an antitrust challenge under the Clayton Antitrust Act or Federal Trade Commissions Act. The act stated that: â€Å"such laws shall not apply to a joint agreement by which the member clubs of two or more professional football leagues, which are exempt from income tax under section 501(c)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, combine their operations in expanded single league so exempt from income tax, if such agreement increases rather than decreases the number of professional football clubs so operating, and the provisions of which are directly relevant thereto.† 15 U.S.C.  § 1291. The merger between the NFL and AFL represented a unique characteristic of theShow More RelatedAntitrust Law2734 Words   |  11 Pages| ANTITRUST LAW | | Name -Manpreet Kaur [Date] | â€Å"The mission of the Antitrust Division is to promote economic competition through enforcing and providing guidance on antitrust laws and principles†. Antitrust laws have been developed to create the strong foundation of a free amp; open market of a vibrant economy. 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Act 1 scene 5 has a very important role to play in Romeo Juliet Essay Example For Students

Act 1 scene 5 has a very important role to play in Romeo Juliet Essay Act 1 Scene 5 is a key scene in the play Romeo Juliet due to the events that happen in it. This is where Romeo Juliet first meet and fall in love with one another, a love that is not allowed given the antagonisms that exist between their families. Romeos friend Bonvolio had made his plan work. He planned to get Romeo to experience other beauties, or compare other women to his beloved Rosaline. This is also where the feud starts with Romeo and Tybalt because Tybalt is a Capulet and Romeo is a Montague. Tybalt is even angrier when he hears Romeos voice at his uncle Lord Capulets party because no Montagues are allowed. This by his voice, should be a Montague, Fetch me my rapier. The motivations that happen in the play show that the characters are doomed from the beginning because the forces greater than themselves. The forces include a long-running feud between the Montagues and the Capulets, something from which these lovers cannot escape no matter how hard they try. This scene has a great affect on all the other scenes in the play therefore I will be looking at how it is important. I will also be looking at how Shakespeare creates tension and interest for the audience. Act 1 Scene 5 comes at the end of the first act; this is because the audience are fully aware of the characters and their backgrounds. In this scene everyone and everything has been introduced to the audience and this tells us what will happen in the rest of the play. This scene also has dramatic irony because the audience knows more than the characters. In Romeo and Juliet the servants have to run round setting up the stage to start the next scene. We cannot be here and there too. This is because Romeo Juliet was written in 1595 and was set in the Globe theatre. There was not many props and equipment in Shakespeares day like there are today due to the fact that they never had much money. At the start of the scene the mood is happy, cheerful and tense. Lord Capulet is in a happy mood at the start of the scene because he is trying to marry his only daughter Juliet and his party is going well. He is happy and polite to his guests at the party talking in a poetic verse to show his importance. Welcome, gentlemen! In lines 53-91 there is a dramatic change in mood compared to the peaceful mood the audience previously see. The audiences tension and excitement is increased when Tybalt over hears Romeo talking. This by his voice, should be a Montague. He fills up with rage and shouts Fetch me my rapier. With this the audience are sitting on the edge of their seats. Romeos arrival changes the atmosphere and the audience are aware that it becomes tenser this is because the audience knows that Montagues arent welcome at a Capulets party. The scene is also romantic because this is the first time Romeo sets his eyes on Juliet and falls in love with her. For I neer saw true beauty till this night. Tybalt hears his voice and becomes angry Now by the stock and honour of my kin to strike him dead I do not sin. He goes and tells Lord Capulet that Romeo is here at his party. Tis he, that that villain Romeo. Lord Capulet is annoyed at him because he doesnt want anything to happen to his guests. Lord Capulet tries to calm Tybalt down, he tells Tybalt To say truth, Verona brags of him to be a virtuous and well governd youth. Tybalt becomes even more enraged; Ill not endure him, with this Lord Capulets attitude and manner suddenly changes towards Tybalt. He shall be endurd. With this Tybalt storms out of the room leaving the audience in suspense. .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58 , .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58 .postImageUrl , .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58 , .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58:hover , .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58:visited , .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58:active { border:0!important; } .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58:active , .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58 .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf5db831a69f571bdae8d9d5586fc0e58:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The poem support EssayWhen Romeo Juliet first meet this is vitally important in the rest of the play because if they didnt meet then the rest of the play wouldnt have happened. Romeo is very dazzled by Juliet and knows it is love at first sight. He expresses his inner feelings in a soliloquy which is controlled by his devotion and admiration for Juliet. O she doth teach the torches to burn bright? Shakespeare then uses a sonnet form with rhyming couplets to emphasise the love and romantic nature of the scene. So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows as yonder lady oer her fellow shows When Romeo and Juliet speak to each other the speech forms a sonnet; this is the 14 lin e poem which has alternate rhyme and ends in a rhyming couplet and this shows us the way they feel about each other. Did my heart love till now?. They start to talk about kissing. My lips two blushing pilgrims, ready stand to smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. The audience knows that this is going to lead to something and know that they are about to share a kiss, which they do. Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand to much. This shows religious images and also shows how deep and pure their love is. Romeo is in a world of his own, enraptured by the stunning beauty of Juliet. This creates a romantic but also dangerous mood in the scene as the audience watch with anticipation and ask will they be caught? At the end of the scene, Shakespeare uses hints to make the audience think about future events in the play. Here Romeo and Juliet find out who the other actually is. After they exchange their love Juliet asks the nurse whom Romeo is, the nurse replies, His name is Romeo, and a Montague the only son of your great enemy. Juliet is so upset and shocked by this and says in confidence to the nurse, My only love sprung from my only hate! Too early seen unknown, and known too late! Prodigious birth of love it is to me, that I must love a loathed enemy. Romeo also finds this out and is very upset too. Is she a Capulet? This also creates a painful and upsetting atmosphere not only to the characters but also the audience. O dear account! My life is my foes debt. Romeo and Juliet talk about their lives being in each others hands; this reflects dramatic irony by showing what actually happens to them at the end of the play because they both die for each others love. Swept away by the great passion of first love, their attempt to alter their family heritage and to unite in marriage causes their tragic deaths. Go ask his name. If he be married, my grave is likely to be my wedding bed. Romeo and Juliet are already keeping their love a secret and when she lies to the Nurse, the only person she trusts this shows the audience that they dont really care about anyone but themselves as they are in love and this sets the tone for their relationship. My only love sprung from my only hate. This is because she has fallen in love with the boy of her dreams. She now knows that he is a Montague and knows her family wont accept their love for one another. At the end of the scene I think that the audience become more anxious as they want to know what else happens in the scenes to come. If they did a play for a modern audience I think that it will work as it did in Shakespeare time because everyone enjoys love stories and they will have more equipment and props so the play will become more realistic. .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a , .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a .postImageUrl , .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a , .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a:hover , .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a:visited , .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a:active { border:0!important; } .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a:active , .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9eb39030ea0c6b57fa9c4b722929b34a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Goole's final words EssayThis scene is very important to the play because without it lots of other events wouldnt take place. This scene also has dramatic irony because the audience knows more than the characters as the audience are fully involved in the play. I like this scene in the play because I like the way Romeo and Juliet first meet and fall in love, I also like the way Shakespeares language is used to create characters, to add emotion and express meanings in the scene.